Luke 22

Passover Lamb

Then came the day of unleavened bread, when the passover must be killed. Luke 22:7

Luke times the Savior's suffering to the very day the Passover lambs were killed. The lamb whose blood saved Israel in Egypt pointed to Jesus, whose blood saves all who come to Him.

How we know: the chapter heading names Him · a footnote points to Him · a Church study aid lists it

• typified by Exodus 12:3-7 — The original Passover lamb and its blood on the doorposts.
• interpreted by 1 Corinthians 5:7 — Paul: 'Christ our passover is sacrificed for us.'

The Master

Master — Teacher (Greek didaskalos)

And he said unto them, Behold, when ye are entered into the city, there shall a man meet you, bearing a pitcher of water; follow him into the house where he entereth in. Luke 22:10–11

Jesus calls Himself 'The Master' and knows beforehand the man with the pitcher who will lead the disciples. He is in full command of the events leading to His sacrifice.

How we know: the chapter heading names Him

• a parallel account in Mark 14:13-15 — Same preparation of the upper room.

The Atonement

And he said unto them, With desire I have desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer: Luke 22:15

Jesus speaks plainly of His coming suffering and links it to this last Passover. He wanted to be with His friends one more time before offering Himself.

How we know: the chapter heading names Him

• fulfilled by Luke 24:46 — After rising He explains it behoved Christ to suffer.

Second Coming

For I say unto you, I will not any more eat thereof, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God. Luke 22:16–18

Jesus promises that He will partake again with His disciples when His kingdom fully comes. Latter-day revelation repeats this promise of a future sacrament meal with Him on the earth.

How we know: the chapter heading names Him · a Church study aid lists it

• alluded to by D&C 27:5 — The Lord: 'the hour cometh that I will drink of the fruit of the vine with you on the earth.'
• a parallel account in Matthew 26:29 — Same promise at the Last Supper.

The Atonement (the sacrament)

And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me. Luke 22:19–20

Jesus institutes the sacrament: bread for His body given, the cup for His blood shed. The new ordinance replaces the Passover and invites us to remember Him every week.

How we know: the chapter heading names Him · a footnote points to Him · a Church study aid lists it

• a parallel account in Matthew 26:26-28 — Same institution of the sacrament.
• a parallel account in Mark 14:22-24 — Same institution of the sacrament.
• the same event in 1 Corinthians 11:23-25 — Paul recounts the same night and words.
• alluded to by 3 Nephi 18:7 — The risen Christ gives the Nephites the bread 'in remembrance of my body.'
• alluded to by Moroni 4:3 — The sacrament prayer: 'in remembrance of the body of thy Son.'

Son of Man

Son of Man — the Son of Man of Holiness, that is, of God the Father

But, behold, the hand of him that betrayeth me is with me on the table. Luke 22:21–22

Jesus uses His favorite title and says His death was 'determined' — planned before the world. The betrayal was foretold, yet Judas is still accountable.

How we know: the verse itself names Him · the chapter heading names Him · a Church study aid lists it

• fulfils Psalm 41:9 — 'Mine own familiar friend... which did eat of my bread, hath lifted up his heel against me.'
• interpreted by Moses 6:57 — Man of Holiness is God's name; His Only Begotten is the Son of Man.
• a parallel account in Matthew 26:24 — Same warning.

Christ the Servant

For whether is greater, he that sitteth at meat, or he that serveth? is not he that sitteth at meat? but I am among you as he that serveth. Luke 22:27

While the apostles argue about who is greatest, the Lord of all describes Himself as the one who serves. His greatness is shown in serving and giving Himself.

How we know: the verse itself names Him · the chapter heading names Him

• alludes to Mark 10:45 — The Son of man came 'not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many.'

Christ the King and Judge

And I appoint unto you a kingdom, as my Father hath appointed unto me; Luke 22:29–30

Jesus says the Father appointed Him a kingdom, and He shares it with His faithful apostles, who will help judge Israel. The kingdom and all judgment are His to give.

How we know: the chapter heading names Him

• the same title in Matthew 19:28 — The Twelve to sit on twelve thrones judging Israel with the Son of man.
• alluded to by D&C 29:12 — The Twelve shall stand at the Lord's right hand to judge the whole house of Israel.

Advocate / Intercessor

And the Lord said, Simon, Simon, behold, Satan hath desired to have you, that he may sift you as wheat: Luke 22:31–34

The Lord personally prays for Peter before Peter's hardest night, and foretells the denial. He pleads for His disciples before the Father as their Advocate.

How we know: the chapter heading names Him

• fulfilled by Luke 22:61 — Peter's threefold denial comes to pass exactly as foretold.
• the same title in D&C 45:3-5 — Christ as Advocate pleading with the Father for His people.

Numbered with the Transgressors

For I say unto you, that this that is written must yet be accomplished in me, And he was reckoned among the transgressors: for the things concerning me have an end. Luke 22:37

Jesus quotes Isaiah 53 and says it is about Him. The suffering servant of Isaiah is the Savior Himself, who would die between two criminals.

How we know: the chapter heading names Him

• interprets Isaiah 53:12 — 'He was numbered with the transgressors.'
• interprets Mosiah 14:12 — Abinadi's quotation of the same Isaiah verse.
• fulfilled by Luke 23:32-33 — Crucified between two malefactors.

Gethsemane

And he was withdrawn from them about a stone’s cast, and kneeled down, and prayed, Luke 22:41–42

On the Mount of Olives Jesus kneels and submits His will completely to the Father. The 'cup' is the bitter suffering of the Atonement.

How we know: the chapter heading names Him · a Church study aid lists it

• a parallel account in Matthew 26:39 — Same prayer in Gethsemane.
• the same event in D&C 19:18 — Christ's own account: He would that He might not drink the bitter cup, and shrink.
• alluded to by 3 Nephi 11:11 — The risen Christ: 'I have drunk out of that bitter cup... and have suffered the will of the Father in all things.'

Gethsemane

And there appeared an angel unto him from heaven, strengthening him. Luke 22:43–44

Only Luke records the angel and the bloody sweat. King Benjamin had foretold that blood would come from every pore, and the Savior Himself later testified He bled at every pore.

How we know: the chapter heading names Him · a footnote points to Him · a Church study aid lists it

• fulfils Mosiah 3:7 — 'Blood cometh from every pore, so great shall be his anguish.'
• the same event in D&C 19:18 — Christ: suffering caused Him 'to bleed at every pore.'

Son of Man

Son of Man — the Son of Man of Holiness

And while he yet spake, behold a multitude, and he that was called Judas, one of the twelve, went before them, and drew near unto Jesus to kiss him. Luke 22:47–48

Jesus names Himself the Son of Man at the moment of betrayal, showing He knows exactly what Judas is doing. A sign of friendship becomes the sign of betrayal.

How we know: the verse itself names Him · the chapter heading names Him · a footnote points to Him · a Church study aid lists it

• fulfils Psalm 41:9 — Betrayal by a familiar friend.
• fulfils Luke 22:21-22 — The betrayal He foretold at supper.

Healing Ministry

Jesus — Greek form of Joshua, 'Jehovah saves'

And Jesus answered and said, Suffer ye thus far. And he touched his ear, and healed him. Luke 22:51

Even as He is arrested, Jesus heals the man who came to take Him. Only Luke, the physician, records this last healing before the cross.

How we know: the verse itself names Him · the chapter heading names Him · a Church study aid lists it

His Hour

Then Jesus said unto the chief priests, and captains of the temple, and the elders, which were come to him, Be ye come out, as against a thief, with swords and staves? Luke 22:52–53

Jesus explains that He is being taken now only because it is the appointed hour. He gives Himself up; they could not take Him before.

How we know: the chapter heading names Him · a Church study aid lists it

• fulfils John 2:4 — 'Mine hour is not yet come' — now it has.

The Lord

And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. Luke 22:61

Luke calls Jesus 'the Lord' as He turns and looks at Peter just as the rooster crows. His word about the denial came true exactly.

How we know: the chapter heading names Him · a footnote points to Him · a Church study aid lists it

• fulfils Luke 22:34 — The prophecy of the threefold denial.

Suffering Servant — mocked and smitten

And the men that held Jesus mocked him, and smote him. Luke 22:63–65

The guards blindfold, strike, and mock Jesus. Prophets had foretold that the Messiah would be smitten, spit upon, and treated as nothing, and He would suffer it.

How we know: the verse itself names Him · the chapter heading names Him · a footnote points to Him · a Church study aid lists it

• fulfils Isaiah 50:6 — 'I gave my back to the smiters... I hid not my face from shame and spitting.'
• fulfils Micah 5:1 — 'They shall smite the judge of Israel with a rod upon the cheek.'
• fulfils 1 Nephi 19:9 — 'They smite him, and he suffereth it.'

Christ

Christ — Greek Christos, 'the Anointed One' (Hebrew Messiah)

Art thou the Christ? tell us. And he said unto them, If I tell you, ye will not believe: Luke 22:67–68

The council asks directly whether Jesus is the Christ, the promised Anointed One. He knows they will not believe whatever He says.

How we know: the verse itself names Him · the chapter heading names Him · a footnote points to Him · a Church study aid lists it

• a parallel account in Matthew 26:63-64 — The same question before the high priest.

Son of Man at the Right Hand of God

Son of Man — the Son of Man of Holiness

Hereafter shall the Son of man sit on the right hand of the power of God. Luke 22:69

Before His judges Jesus prophesies His exaltation to the Father's right hand. He combines Daniel's Son of Man with the Lord seated at God's right hand in Psalm 110.

How we know: the verse itself names Him · the chapter heading names Him · a footnote points to Him · a Church study aid lists it

• alludes to Psalm 110:1 — 'Sit thou at my right hand.'
• alludes to Daniel 7:13-14 — One like the Son of man given dominion.
• fulfilled by Acts 7:55-56 — Stephen sees the Son of man standing on the right hand of God.

Son of God

Then said they all, Art thou then the Son of God? And he said unto them, Ye say that I am. Luke 22:70–71

Jesus affirms He is the Son of God; the council understands His answer as a yes ('we ourselves have heard of his own mouth'). He is condemned for telling the truth about who He is.

How we know: the verse itself names Him · the chapter heading names Him · a footnote points to Him · a Church study aid lists it

• a parallel account in Mark 14:61-62 — Jesus answers 'I am.'